Top 5 Causes of Constipation and How OTC Products Can Help

Constipation is a common digestive issue that affects people of all ages. It occurs when bowel movements become infrequent, difficult, or painful. While occasional constipation is usually not serious, chronic constipation can affect comfort, daily life, and overall health.

At Central Pharmacy, we help patients identify causes of constipation, choose safe over-the-counter (OTC) products, and implement lifestyle changes to support regular bowel movements.

Top 5 Causes of Constipation

Understanding the underlying cause is the first step toward effective management. Here are the most common contributors:

1. Dietary Factors

• Low fiber intake is one of the leading causes of constipation.

• Diets lacking fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can slow digestion.

• Dehydration can also make stools harder and more difficult to pass.

Tip: Increasing fiber gradually and drinking plenty of water can prevent or relieve constipation.

2. Physical Inactivity

• Sedentary lifestyles slow the digestive system.

• Exercise stimulates bowel activity and helps move stool through the intestines.

Tip: Regular physical activity, such as walking or light aerobic exercise, supports healthy digestion.

3. Medications

• Certain prescription and OTC medications can cause constipation as a side effect, including:

  • Pain medications (especially opioids)

  • Antacids containing calcium or aluminum

  • Some antihistamines or antidepressants

• Always review your medications with a pharmacist to identify possible contributors.

4. Ignoring the Urge to Go

• Suppressing the natural urge to have a bowel movement can lead to stool hardening and constipation.

• Over time, this can affect bowel regularity.

Tip: Respond promptly to natural urges and establish a routine for bathroom visits.

5. Medical Conditions

• Certain conditions can cause chronic constipation, including:

  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

  • Hypothyroidism

  • Diabetes

  • Neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis

• Persistent constipation should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out underlying conditions.

Over-the-Counter Remedies for Constipation

OTC products can provide safe, effective relief for occasional constipation. The choice depends on the severity and type of constipation.

1. Bulk-Forming Laxatives

• How they work: Absorb water in the intestines to form soft, bulky stools.

• Best for: Mild to moderate constipation; can be used long-term.

• Forms: Powders, capsules, or chewables.

• Tip: Drink plenty of water when using bulk-forming products to prevent choking or blockage.

2. Stool Softeners

• How they work: Moisturize stool to make it easier to pass.

• Best for: People with hard, dry stools or those who should avoid straining, such as postpartum patients.

3. Osmotic Laxatives

• How they work: Draw water into the intestines to soften stool and stimulate bowel movement.

• Best for: Occasional or temporary constipation; effective within hours to days.

• Forms: Powders, liquids, or tablets.

4. Stimulant Laxatives

• How they work: Stimulate intestinal muscles to encourage bowel movements.

• Best for: Short-term relief when other methods are ineffective.

• Note: Not recommended for long-term use, as overuse can reduce bowel function.

5. Lubricant Laxatives

• How they work: Coat the stool and intestinal lining to help it pass more easily.

• Best for: Short-term relief of occasional constipation.

Lifestyle Strategies to Support Regularity

OTC medications are most effective when combined with lifestyle changes:

• Increase fiber intake: Incorporate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.

• Stay hydrated: Aim for at least 8 glasses of water per day.

• Exercise regularly: Activities like walking, swimming, or yoga can stimulate bowel activity.

• Establish a routine: Try to have bowel movements at the same time each day, preferably after meals.

• Manage stress: Relaxation techniques can improve digestion and reduce bowel irregularity.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While occasional constipation can often be managed at home, consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

• Severe abdominal pain or bloating

• Persistent constipation lasting more than 2–3 weeks

• Blood in the stool or black, tarry stools

• Unexplained weight loss

• Chronic constipation despite OTC treatments and lifestyle adjustments

Early evaluation can identify underlying conditions and prevent complications.

The Role of Your Pharmacist

Pharmacists are valuable partners in managing constipation:

• Recommend the safest OTC products based on symptoms and health history

• Provide guidance on proper dosing and usage

• Identify potential medication-related causes of constipation

• Offer tips for dietary and lifestyle modifications

• Advise when to seek further medical care

At Central Pharmacy, our pharmacists are available to answer questions and provide personalized support for digestive health.

Final Thoughts

Constipation is common but manageable with a combination of OTC medications, dietary changes, and lifestyle adjustments. Identifying the cause, choosing appropriate remedies, and staying consistent with habits can restore regular bowel movements and improve comfort.

Central Pharmacy is here to guide you through safe and effective options for relief, ensuring that your digestive health is supported every step of the way.